Some Functional Groups and Classes of Organic Compounds
| Class of Compounds | Functional group structure | IUPAC group prefix | IUPAC group suffix | Example |
| Alkanes | - | - | -ane | Butane, CH₃(CH₂)₂CH₃ |
| Alkenes | >C=C< | - | -ene | But-1-ene, CH₂=CHCH₂CH₃ |
| Alkynes | -C𝄘C | - | -yne | But-1-yne, CH𝄘CCH₂CH₃ |
| Arenes | - | - | - | Benzene,⌬ |
| Halides | -X (X=F, Cl, Br, I) | halo- | - | 1-Bromobutane, CH₃(CH₂)₂CH₂ Br |
| Alcohols | -OH | hydroxy- | -ol | Butan-2-ol, CH₃CH₂CHOHCH₃ |
| Aldehydes | -CHO | formyl, or oxo | -al | Butanal, CH₃(CH₂)₂CHO |
| Ketones | >C=O | oxo- | -one | Butan-2-one, CH₃CH₂COCH₃ |
| Nitriles | -C𝄘N | cyano | nitrile | Pentanenitrile, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CN |
| Ethers | -R-O-R | alkoxy- | - | Ethoxyethane, CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ |
| Carboxylic acids | -COOH | carboxy | -oic acid | Butanoic acid, CH₃(CH₂)₂CO₂H |
| Carboxylate ions | -COO⁻ | - | -oate | Sodium butanoate, CH₃(CH₂)₂CO₂⁻ Na⁺ |
| Esters | -COOR | alkoxy carbonyl | -oate | Methyl propanoate, CH₃CH₂COOCH₃ |
| Acyl halides | -COX (X=F, Cl, Br, I) | halo carbonyl | -oyl halide | Butanoyl chloride, CH₃(CH₂)₂COCl |
| Amines | -NH₂ >NH, >N- | amino- | -amine | Butan-2-amine, CH₃CHNH₂CH₂CH3 |
| Amides | -CONH₂, -CONHR, -CONR₂ | -carbamoyl | -amide | Butanamide, CH₃(CH₂)₂CONH₂ |
| Nitro compounds | -NO₂ | nitro | - | 1-Nitrobutane, CH₃(CH₂)₃NO₂ |
| Sulphonic acids | -SO₃H | sulpho | sulphonic acid | Methylsulphonic acid CH₃SO₃H |
