| Type of Solid | Constituent Particles | Bonding/ Attractive Forces | Examples | Physical Nature | Electrical Conductivity | Melting Point |
| (1) Molecular solids (i) Non polar (ii) Polar (iii) Hydrogen bonded | Molecules | Dispersion or London forces Dipole-dipole interactions Hydrogen bonding | Ar,CCl₄, H₂,I₂,CO₂ HCl, SO₂ H₂O(ice) | Soft Soft Hard | Insulator Insulator Insulator | Very low Low Low |
| (2) Ionic solids | Ions | Coulombic or electrostatic | NaCl, MgO, ZnS, CaF₂ | Hard but brittle | Insulators in solid state but conductors in molten state and in aqueous solutions | High |
| (3) Metallic solids | Positive ions in a sea of delocalised electrons | Metallic bonding | Fe, Cu, Ag, Mg | Hard but malleable and ductile | Conductors in solid state as well as in molten state | Fairly high |
| (4) Covalent or network solids | Atoms | Covalent bonding | SiO₂(quartz), SiC, C(diamond), AIN, C (graphite) | Hard Soft | Insulators Conductor (exception) | Very high |
Wednesday, February 3, 2021
Different Types of Solids - 12th class chemistry
Different Types of Solids - 12th class chemistry
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